Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Divisions
of Administrative Areas refers to the division of administrative areas by the state. The
Constitution of the People Republic of China stipulates that the administrative
areas in China are divided as: 1) The whole country is divided into provinces,
autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government; 2)
Provinces and autonomous regions are divided into autonomous prefectures, counties,
autonomous counties and cities; 3) Autonomous prefectures are divided into
counties, autonomous counties and cities; 4) Counties and autonomous counties
are divided into townships, nationality townships and towns; 5) Municipalities
and large cities are divided into districts and counties, 6) The state shall,
when necessary, establish special administrative regions.
Industrial
Classification of the National Economy The new Industrial Classification of the National Economy (GB/T 4754-2002) is introduced starting
from the compilation of 2003 annual statistics. The new revision was basedon
the 1994 classification and organized by the National Bureau of Statistics
taking into consideration of the International Standards of the Industrial
Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC/Rev.3) of the United Nations,
and the new Classification was promulgated by the National Administration of
Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine on May 10, 2002. The revised
version of the Industrial Classification of the National Economy (GB/T
4754-2002) is composed of 20 major divisions, 95 divisions, 396 major groups
and 913 groups, including 4 new major divisions, 3 new divisions, 28 major
groups and 67 groups.
Registration
Status of Enterprises Enterprises are classified into 3 categories, namely domestic funded enterprises,
enterprises with investment from Hong Kong, Macau and
State-owned
Enterprises refer to non-corporation economic units where the entire assets are owned
by the state and which have registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of
Collective-owned
Enterprises refer to
economic units where the assets are owned collectively and which have
registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of
Cooperative
Enterprises refer to a form of collective economic units (enterprises) where capitals
come mainly from employees as their shares, with certain proportion of capital
from the outside, where production is organized on the basis of independent
operation, independent accounting for profits and losses, joint work,
democratic management, and a distribution system that integrates remuneration
according to work with dividend according to capital share.
Joint
Ownership Enterprises refer to economic units established by two or more corporate enterprises
or corporate institutions of the same or different ownership, through joint
investment on the basis of equality, voluntary participation and mutual benefits.
They include state joint ownership enterprises, collective joint ownership
enterprises, joint state-collective enterprises, other joint ownership
enterprises.
Limited
Liability Corporations refer to economic units established with investment from 2-50 investors
and registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of
China on the Management of Registration of Corporations, each investor bearing
limited liability to the corporation depending on its share of investment, and
the corporation bearing liability to its debt to the maximum of its total
assets. Limited liability corporations include exclusive statefunded
limited liability corporations and other limited liability corporations.
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. refer to economic units
registered in accordance with the Regulation of the People’s Republic of China
on the Management of Registration of Corporations, with total registered
capitals divided into equal shares and raised through issuing stocks. Each
investor bears limited liability to the corporation depending on the holding of
shares, and the corporation bears liability to its debt to the maximum of its
total assets.
Private
Enterprises refer to profit-making economic units invested and established by natural
persons, or controlled by natural persons using employed labour.
Included in this category are private limited liability corporations, private
share-holding corporations Ltd., private partnership enterprises and
private-funded enterprises registered in accordance with the Corporation Law,
Partnership Enterprises Law and Interim Regulations on Private Enterprises.
Other
Domestic-funded Enterprises refer to domesticfunded
economic units other than those mentioned above.
Cooperative
Enterprises with Funds from Hong Kong Macau and Taiwan established by
investors from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan with enterprises in the mainland of
China in accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on
Sino-foreign Cooperative Enterprises and other relevant laws, where the
investment or provision of facilities, and the share of profits and risks is
stipulated in the cooperative contract.
Enterprises
with Sole (exclusive) Investment from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan refer to
enterprises established in the mainland of China with exclusive investment from
investors from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan in accordance with the Law of the People’s
Republic of China on ForeignFunded Enterprises and other relevant laws.
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. with Investment from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan refer to shareholding
corporations Ltd. established with the approval from the former Ministry of
Foreign Trade and Economic Relations in line with relevant state regulations,
where the share of investment from Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan businessmen
exceeds 25% of the total registered capital of the corporation. In case the
share of investment from Hong Kong, Macau or
Joint-venture
Enterprises with Foreign Investment refer to enterprises jointly
established by foreign enterprises or foreigners with enterprises in the
mainland of
Cooperation
Enterprises with Foreign Investment refer to
enterprises jointly established by foreign enterprises or foreigners with
enterprises in the mainland of China in accordance with the Law of the People’s
Republic of China on Sinoforeign Cooperative Enterprises and other relevant
laws, where the investment or provision of facilities, and the share of profits
and risks is stipulated in the cooperative contract.
Enterprises
with Sole (exclusive) Foreign Investment refer to enterprises established
in the mainland of China with exclusive investment from foreign investors in
accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on
ForeignFunded Enterprises and other relevant laws.
Share-holding
Corporations Ltd. with Foreign Investment refer to share-holding corporations Ltd.
established with the approval from the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic
Relations in line with relevant state regulations, where the share of
investment from foreign investors exceeds 25% of the total registered capital
of the corporation. In case the share of foreign investment is less than 25% of
the total registered capital, the enterprise is to be classified as domesticfunded
shareholding corporation Ltd.
Government Agencies, Institutions and Social
Organizations are classified into following categories by source of funds and
way of management taking reference of the registration status of enterprises:
(1) Government agencies: include state and
party agencies, classified in principle as stateowned. There are
exceptions, such as supply and marketing cooperatives which are classified as
collective-owned.
(2) Institutions: include institutions of
various types established with the approval by organization and staffing
departments of the government, but exclude institutions where enterprise
management system is introduced. Institutions are further classified as
follows:
(a) Institutions whose main budget is listed
in the government budget appropriations or extrabudget funds, or allocated
from the budget of their competent government agencies. Such institutions are
classified as stateowned.
(b) Institutions whose budget mainly comes
from collective units. Such institutions are classified as collectiveowned.
(c) Institutions other than those mentioned
above whose source of budget is not clear. Such
institutions are classified by way of management.
(3) Social organizations: include social
organizations established with the approval from the Ministry of Civil Affairs,
and organizations that are not covered by social organization management
regulations such as trade unions, womens federations
etc.. Social organizations are further classified as
follows:
(a) Social organizations that are not
covered by social organization management regulations of the Ministry of Civil
Affairs such as trade unions, womens federations,
communist youth leagues, youth associations, industrial and commerce
associations, scientists associations, overseas Chinese associations, etc.,
foundations and fund management organizations established with funds from the
state, and social organizations whose funds mainly come from the budget of
their competent government agencies. Such institutions are classified as state
owned.
(b) Social organizations whose budget mainly
comes from collective units. Such institutions are classified as collectiveowned.
(c) Social organizations established by
individual or a group of citizens, which are classified as private.
(d) Social organizations other than those
mentioned above whose source of budget is not clear.
Such organizations are classified by way of management.