Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Total
Retail Sales of Consumer Goods refers to the sales
of physical commodity or the income of catering Services sold or provided by
enterprises (units) to indivieduals, Social
organizations for non-Production and non-operation purposes.
The Retail Sales of Consumer Goods Includes
commodities sold to urban and rural residents for their daily use, building
material sold to them for the construction and repair of houses and consumer
goods sold to foreigners, overseas Chinese and Chinese compatriots from
The Retail Sales of Consumer Goods excludes
commodities sold by trust shops commissioned by urban residents and sold among
the urban residents. It also excludes commodities sold to agricultural,
industrial, construction and other industries for the production.
Retail
Sales of the Counties refers to the retail sales of
consumer goods sold by various sectors which are set up at the urban districts
of the counties and the retail sales of consumer goods sold by the units under
the direct jurisdiction of county government distributed at independent
industrial and mineral and forestry areas in rural districts.
Retail
Sales Below the County Level refers to the retail
sales of consumer goods sold by various sectors which are set up at the market
towns or rural areas outside the urban districts of the counties and county
level cities, but it excludes the retail sales of consumer goods sold by the
units which are distributed at independent industrial and mineral and forestry
areas in rural districts.
Retail
Sales of Wholesale and Retail Trades refers to the
retail sales of consumer goods sold to residents and social groups by wholesale
and retail businesses, industrial activity units and self-employed from various
economic types that specialize in business sales of goods.
Retail
Sales of Hotels and Catering Services refers to the
retail sales of consumer goods sold to residents and social groups as staple
food, food, beverages and tobacco and other commodities by the external
business hotels and catering enterprises, industrial units and self-employed
activities that specialize in the provision of accommodation services, food
cooking modulation,including the retail sales of the
external business hotel, train dining car, ship restaurant, the airport
restaurant of enterprises or units from various sectors,excluding
the sales of no external business staff canteens of agencies, organizations,
schools, enterprises and institutions.
The
Retail Sales of Other Industries refers to the
sales of the corporate enterprise, industrial activity units or self-employed
which do not belong to the wholesale and retail, accommodation and catering
industry, also engaged in retail activities of life consumer goods or providing
accommodation services.
Purchase,
Sales and Stock of Commodities by Wholesale and Retail Trades refers to the total volume of commodities purchased, total volume
of sales and exports, and the stock of commodities by wholesale and retail
enterprises (establishments) of different status of registration from domestic
and overseas markets. This indictor reflects the relationship among purchase,
sales and stock of commodities in the circulation of goods and reveals the
existing problems.
Total
Purchases of Commodities refer to the total value
of purchases of commodities by the enterprises (establishments) from other
establishments or individuals (including direct import from abroad) for the
purpose of re selling, either with or without further processing of the
commodities purchased. This indicator is used to show the total value of
purchases of commodities by wholesale and retail establishments from domestic
and overseas markets. The total purchases include: (1) agricultural and
industrial products purchased from producers; (2) books, magazines and
newspapers purchased from distribution departments of the publishers; (3)
commodities purchased from wholesale and retail establishments of different
status of registration; (4) commodities purchased from other units, such as
surplus materials purchased from government agencies, enterprises or
institutions, commodities purchased from catering and service establishments,
confiscated goods purchased from customs authorities or market management
agencies, second hand goods and wastes purchased from residents; and (5)
commodities directly imported from abroad. Excluded are commodities purchased
by enterprises (establishments) for use in their own business operation,
commodities obtained without buying or selling procedures, rejected
commodities, etc.
Total
Sales of Commodities refer to value of commodities
sold by the establishments to other establishments and individuals (including
direct export). This indicator is used to show the total value of sales of
commodities at domestic markets and export. The total sales include: (1)
commodities sold to urban and rural residents and social groups for their
consumption; (2) commodities sold to establishments in industry, agriculture,
construction, transportation, post and telecommunications, wholesale and retail
trades, catering trade and public utility for their production and operation;
(3) commodities sold to wholesale and retail establishments for re selling,
with or without further processing;and (4)commodities
for direct export to other countries. Excluded are selling of waste packaging
materials used by the establishments (units) themselves, commodities
transferred without buying or selling procedures, commission income from
brokerage in transactions whose settlement is directly handled by buyers and
sellers, rejected commodities in the purchase, loss in commodities, etc.
Commodity
Stock of Wholesale and Retail Enterprises refers to total commodities possessed by wholesale and retail enterprises
(units) of various types of registration status at the end of the reference
period, which reflects the commodity stock level of various wholesale and
retail enterprises and the potential for market supply. It includes: (1)
commodities located in storage, garages, counters, and shelves of operating
units (such as sale stores, wholesale centers, and operating offices) of
wholesale and retail enterprises; (2) commodities in the process of selecting,
sorting, and packing; (3) commodities not arrived but recorded as purchase in
the account, i.e. commodities not arrived but payment receipts for the
commodities from the sellers or the banks arrived; (4) commodities deposited in
other places rather than places mentioned above, for instance: commodities in
the hold of purchasers temporarily due to the refusal of payment and
commodities not taken back after going through the formalities; (5) commodities
entrusted to other units to sell but not sold yet; (6) commodities purchased
for other units but not delivered yet. Commodities not included as stock are
those not owned by the enterprises (units), those allocated to financially
independent factories rather than wholesale and retail enterprises for
processing but not taken back yet, and finally those put in stock by wholesale
and retail enterprises on behalf of the state material reserves units.
For the calculation of the value of
commodities stock, the value is calculated at purchasing prices in agricultural
goods purchasing units and wholesale units, and at the accounting prices in
retail units.
Business
Revenue of Hotels and Catering Services refer to
revenue received from providing services or selling commodities by corporate
enterprises and establishments engaged in hotel and catering services,
including income from hotel rooms, from catering services, from selling of
commodities and from other services. Income from hotel rooms refers to income
of corporate enterprises and establishments by providing lodging services.
Income from catering services refers to income of corporate enterprises and
establishments by providing catering services, including selling of cooked or
prepared foods such as stable food, cooked dishes or cold dishes. Income from
selling of commodities refers to income of corporate enterprises and
establishments by selling commodities that accompany the services they provide.
Income from other activities refers to income received other than income from
hotel rooms, catering services or selling of commodities, such as income from
providing recreation, fitness or business services.
Volume
of Transaction at Large Commodity Markets (with transaction value over 100
million yuan) refers to
markets approved by the industrial and commercial administration departments,
which specialize in wholesale and retail of commodities with an annual
transaction of over 100 million yuan. The sum of
sales of all sellers in the markets makes up the transaction value of the
markets.
Chain
Enterprises (also called chain stores or chain corporations) refer to a form of joint economic entities under which scattered
enterprises or establishments engaged in providing homogeneous commodities or
services, with the central leadership of core enterprise or headquarters and
guided by common policies, conduct centralized purchase and distributed selling
of commodities, in order to gain better efficiency through standardized
operation. Consisting of a number of branch stores, the chain stores have in
general following features: 1) homogeneous commodities, 2) unique name of
stores, 3) centralized purchase and delivery which is separated from
distributed selling operation (most commodities are delivered from the
headquarters except some items which, from logistics, quality or freshness
considerations, might be delivered by the suppliers directly).
Chain stores have 3 categories:
a) Chain stores under direct management:
These are formal chain stores invested or controlled by the headquarters. They
operate under the direct and unified management from the headquarters. Adopting
a direct management approach, the headquarters give orders and control all
retail stores, which follow completely the directives from the headquarters.
Large monopolized commercial companies develop and expand their business
through purchasing, merging, direct investment and controlling of shares.
b) Chain stores through special permit:
Through contracts, chain stores (or their owners) obtain licenses from the
headquarters to use designated trade marks, names, operation know how, and to
sell the commodity developed by the headquarters. Under this arrangement, each
store in the chain is an independent legal entity and operates under the
guidance from the headquarters.
c) Chain stores through voluntary
arrangement: Under this arrangement, all stores operate together under the
guidance of the headquarters, while maintaining their status of independent
legal entities with full ownership of their assets. They use the same store
name, sign contracts with the headquarters concerning purchase, sale,
publicity, etc. and operate under the contract. They are free to engage in
other activities which are not bounded in the contract. They could join or
leave the chain on voluntary basis.
Chain stores through special permit and those through voluntary arrangement make up chain stores through license arrangement.