Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Production
Capacity of Water Supply refers to the designed overall
production capacity of water facilities, covering the four segments of water
collection, purification, conveyance, and outflow through trunk pipelines.
Increased capacity through transformation and innovation projects is included
as well. The capacity is determined mainly on the weakest of the
above-mentioned four segments.
Length
of Water Supply Pipelines at Year-end refers to the total length of all the pipelines between the water pumps and
the user water meters, excluding pipelines newly installed but not used yet,
pipeline in the water factory, and pipeline in the user’s buildings.
Annual
Volume of Water Supply refers to the total volume of
water supplied by water-works (units) during the reference period, including
both the effective water supply and loss during the water supply.
Consumption
of Water for Residential Use refers to water consumption of
households for daily life and water consumption of public service facilities.
The latter refers to water consumption for urban public services, including the
consumption of government agencies and public institutions, military barracks,
public facilities, wholesale and retail outlets, restaurants, hotels, and other
units providing public services. Household water consumption refers to
consumption of water for daily life of all households within the boundary of
cities, including households of urban residents and farmers, and public water
supply stations.
Coverage
Rate of Urban Population with Access to Tap Water refers to the ratio of the urban population with access to tap water to
the total urban population. The formula is:
Production
Capacity of Gaswork Gas refers to the overall production
capacity of the urban gasworks in gas generation, purification and delivery at
the end of the reference period, excluding capacity of the reserved facilities.
In general, it is determined by the designed capacity, and when actual
production capacity is larger than the designed capacity, the capacity is
determined by the actual measurement on the weakest segment in the production,
purification and delivery.
Length
of Gas Pipelines refers to the total length of
pipelines in use between the outlet of the compressor of gas-work or outlet of
gas stations and the leading pipe of users, excluding pipelines within
gasworks, delivery stations, LPG storage stations, refilling stations,
gas-mixing stations and supply stations.
Volume
of Gas Supply refers to the total volume of gas
provided to users by gas-producing enterprises (units) in a year, including the
volume sold and the volume lost.
Coverage
Rate of Urban Population with Access to Gas refers to the ratio of the urban
population with access to gas to the total urban population at the end of the
reference period. The formula is:
Heating
Capacity in Urban Areas refers to the designed
capacity of heating enterprises (units) in supplying heating energy to urban
users during the reference period.
Quantity
of Heat Supplied in Urban Areas refers to the total quantity of heat from steam and hot water supplied to
urban users by heating enterprises (units) during the reference period.
Length
of Urban Heating Pipelines refers to the total length of steam or hot water pipelines for sources of
heat to the leading pipelines of the buildings of the users, excluding internal
pipelines in heat generating enterprises.
Length
of Paved Roads at Year-end refers to the length of roads with paved surface including bridges and
tunnels connected with roads by the end of the year. Length of the roads is measured by the
central lines for vehicles for paved roads with a width of 3.5 meters and over,
including roads in open-ended factory compounds and residential quarters.
Urban
Bridges refer to bridges built to cross over natural or man-made barriers,
including bridges over rivers, overpasses for traffic and for pedestrians,
underpasses for pedestrians, etc. Both permanent and semi-permanent bridges are
included.
Length
of Urban Sewage Pipes refers to the total length of general drainage, trunks, branch and
inspection wells, connection wells, inlets and outlets, etc.
Daily
Disposal Capacity of Urban Sewage refers to the designed 24-hour capacity of sewage disposal by the sewage
treatment works or facilities.
Number
of Vehicles under Operation at Year-end refers to
the total number of vehicles under operation by public transport enterprises
(units) at the end of the year, based on the records of operational vehicles by
the enterprises (units).
Area
of Parks and Green Land refers to the total area occupied
for green projects at the end of the reference period, including park green
land, production green land, protection green land, green land attached to
institutions, and other green areas.
Park
Green Area refers to green areas open to the public for amusement and rest with the
facilities of amusement, rest and services. Its function includes perfecting
ecology, beautifying landscape, and preventing and reducing disaster. Park
green areas include comprehensive park, community
park, topic park, belt-shaped park and green area nearby street. Total areas of
comprehensive park, topic park and belt-shaped is the
area of park.
Area
Cleaned
refers to the area which are regularly cleaned, as at the end of the
reference period, at urban roads and public places (mainly including urban
roadways, pedestrian walkways, vehicular tunnels, pedestrian underpasses,
underground railway stations, lifted roads, pedestrians walk bridges,
overpasses, plazas, carparks and other facilities).
If there are several times of cleaning in a day at a location, the area of that
time of cleaning with the largest area cleaned will be taken.
Vehicles
Dedicated to Urban Cleanliness and Environmental Sanitation refer to vehicles and facilities dedicated for use in the
operation, management and monitoring of environmental hygiene work. They
include vehicles for road cleaning, washing, showering, ice
removal, disposal of garbage and human wastes, cleanliness monitoring and
related activities.
Public
Transportation Vehicles per 10000 Population refers to the number of public
transportation vehicles, at the end of the reference period, per 10000 population in the city district. The formula for calculation
is:
Waste
Water Discharged by Industry refers to the volume
of waste water discharged by industrial enterprises through all their outlets,
including waste water from production process, directly cooled water,
groundwater from mining wells which does not meet discharge standards and
sewage from households mixed with waste water produced by industrial
activities, but excluding indirectly cooled water discharged (It should be
included if the discharge is not separated from waste water).
Industrial
Waste Water Meeting Discharge Standards refers to
volume of industrial waste water discharge which, with or without treatment,
reaches national or local standards with regard to all pollutants.
Urban
Non-industrial Waste Water Discharge refers to
annual discharge of non-industrial waste water by urban households. It is
estimated by per capita coefficient using the formula:
Volume
of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Generated by Urban Non-industrial Waster Water refers to chemical oxygen demand generated through the annual
discharge of non-industrial waste water by urban households. It is estimated
as:
Chemical
Oxygen Demand (COD) refers to the amount of oxygen
required when chemical oxidants are used to oxidize organic pollutants in
water. A higher value of COD corresponds to more serious pollution by organic
pollutants.
Industrial
Waste Air Emission refers to the discharge into
atmosphere of waste air containing pollutants generated from fuel burning and
production processes in enterprises within a given period of time. It is
calculated at standard status (273K, 101325Pa) as:
SO2 Emission through
Non-industrial and Other Activities is calculated
on the basis of consumption of coal by households and other activities and the sulphur content of coal with the following formula:
SO2 Emission through
Industrial Activities refers to volume of sulphur dioxide emission from fuel burning and production
process by enterprises during a given period of time. It is calculated as:
Industrial
Soot Emission refers to the volume of soot in smoke
emitted in the process of fuel burning in the premises of enterprises.
Soot
Emission by Consumption and Others refers to the
net volume of soot emitted by fuel burning from all social and economic
activities and operations of public facilities other than industrial
activities. It is calculated on the basis of coal consumption by households and
others.
Industrial
Dust Emission refers to volume of dust emitted by
production process of enterprises and suspended in the air for a given period
of time, including dust from refractory material of iron and steel works, dust
from coke-screening systems and sintering machines of coke plants, dust from
lime kilns and dust from cement production in building material enterprises,
but excluding soot and dust emitted from power plants.
Industrial
Solid Wastes Produced refers to total volume of
solid, semi-solid and high concentration liquid residues produced by industrial
enterprises from production process in a given period of time, including
hazardous wastes, slag, coal ash, gangue, tailings, radioactive residues and
other wastes, but excluding stones stripped or dug out in mining - gangue and
acid or alkaline stones not included (a stone is acid or alkaline according to
the pH value of the water being below 4 or above 10.5 when the stone is in, or
soaked by water).
Hazardous
Wastes refers to those included in the national
hazardous wastes catalogue or specified as any one of the following properties
in the national hazardous wastes identification standards: explosive,
ignitable, oxidizable, toxic, corrosive or liable to
cause infectious diseases or lead to other dangers.
Industrial
Solid Wastes Utilized refers to volume of solid
wastes from which useful materials can be extracted or which can be converted
into usable resources, energy or other materials by means of reclamation,
processing, recycling and exchange (including utilizing in the year the stocks
of industrial solid wastes of the previous year). Examples of such utilizations
include fertilizers, building materials and road materials. The information
shall be collected by the producing units of the wastes.
Rate
of Utilization of Industrial Solid Wastes refers to
the percentage of industrial solid wastes utilized over industrial solid wastes
produced (including stocks of the previous years). It is calculated as:
Stock
of Industrial Solid Wastes refers to the volume of
solid wastes placed in special facilities or special sites for purposes of
utilization or disposal. The sites or facilities should take measures against
dispersion, loss, seepage, and air and water contamination.
Industrial
Solid Wastes Disposed refers to the quantity of
industrial solid wastes which are burnt or placed ultimately in the sites
meeting the requirements for environmental protection and not salvaged or
recycled (including disposition in the year of those wastes of previous years).
The disposition includes landfill (Safe landfills should be conducted for
hazardous wastes), incineration, containment spaces, deep underground disposal,
backfill in mining pits and disposal at sea.
Industrial
Solid Wastes Discharged refers to the volume of
industrial solid wastes discharged by producing enterprises to disposal
facilities or to other sites. The wastes exclude stones stripped or dug from
mining (gangue and acid or alkaline waste stones not included).
Output
Value of Products Made from Waste Gas, Waste Water and Solid Wastes refers to the current value of products with waste gas, waste water
and solid wastes as main materials of production. Products sold and ready to
sell shall be included while those produced for own use shall not be included.
Consumption
Wastes Transported refers to volume of consumption
wastes collected and transported to disposal factories or sites. Consumption
wastes are solid wastes produced from urban households or from service
activities for urban households, and solid wastes regarded by laws and
regulations as urban consumption wastes, including those from households,
commercial activities, markets, cleaning of streets, public sites, offices,
schools, factories, mining units and other sources.
Ratio of Consumption Wastes Treated refers to consumption wastes treated over that produced. In practical statistics, as it is difficult to estimate, the volume of consumption wastes produced is replaced with that transported. It is calculated as: